DefinitionA router is a networking device whose software and hardware are usually tailored to the tasks of routing and forwarding information. Routers connect two or more logical subnets, which do not necessarily map one-to-one to the physical interfaces of the router.
Routing is the process of selecting paths in a network along which to send network traffic. Routing is performed for many kinds of networks, including the telephone network, electronic data networks (such as the Internet), and transportation networks. This article is concerned primarily with routing in electronic data networks using packet switching technology.
Routing Protocol
A formula used by routers to determine the appropriate path onto which data should be forwarded. The routing protocol also specifies how routers report changes and share information with the other routers in the network that they can reach. A routing protocol allows the network to dynamically adjust to changing conditions, otherwise all routing decisions have to be predetermined and remain static.
Examples of protocols existed :-
- BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
- CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol)
- CLNS (Connectionless Network Service)
- HSRP (Hot Standby Router Protocol)
- IGRP/EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol)
- IP (Internet Protocol)
- IS-IS (Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System)
- MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching)
- Multicast
- NAT (Network Address Translation)
- OSPF (Open Shortest Path First)
- QoS (Quality of Service)
- RIP (Routing Information Protocol)
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